Aquinas on Governement

The best government of a society (multitudo) is one that is ruled by one person. This is clear from the end of government which is peace. Peaceful unity among his subjects is the end of a ruler, and one ruler, rather than many rulers, is a more proximate cause of unity.

St. Thomas Aquinas, The Summa Against the Gentiles, Bk. IV, ch. 76.

Thomas Aquinas on Reason and Faith

Now human reason is related to the knowledge of the truth of faith…in such a way that reason can attain likenesses of it that are true but not sufficient to comprehend the truth conclusively or as known in itself.

St. Thomas Aquinuas, The Summa Against the Gentiles, Bk 1., ch. 8.

Dante on Fraud and Traitors

"Now fraud, that eats away at every conscience, is practiced by a man against another who trusts in him, or one who has no trust. This latter way seems only to cut off the bond of love that nature forges…But in the former way of fraud, not only the love that nature forges is forgotten, but added love that builds a special trust;

thus, in the tightest circle, where there is the universe’s center, seat of Dis, all traitors are consumed eternally."

Dante, The Divine Comedy, Inferno, Canto XI.

Humility & Magnanimity

Aquinas’ list of virtues does not altogether tally with Aristotle’s, though he works hard to Christianize some of the more pagan characters who figure in Ethics. Aristotle’s ideal man is great-souled, that is to say, he is a highly superior being who is very conscious of his own superiority to others. How can this be reconciled with the Christian virtue of humility? By a remarkable piece of intellectual legerdemain, Aquinas makes magnanimity not only compatible with humility but part of the very same virtue. There is a virtue, he says, that is the moderation of ambition, a virtue based on on a just appreciation of one’s own gifts and defects. Humility is the aspect that ensures that one’s ambitions are based on a just assessment of one’s defects, magnanimity is the aspect that ensures that they are based on a just assessment of one’s gifts.

Anthony Kenny, Medieval Philosophy, Vol 2., 73.

On Kingship

While writing the First Part of the Summa St Thomas began a political treatise, On Kingship, laying down principles for the guidance of secular governments in a way that leaves no doubt that kings are subject to priests and that the pope enjoys a secular as well as a spiritual supremacy.

Anthony Kenny, Medieval Philosophy, Vol. 2, 70.

Universities

The university is, in essentials, a thirteenth-century innovation, if by ‘university’ we mean a corporation of people engaged professionally, full-time, in the teaching and expansion of a corpus of knowledge in various subjects, handing it on to their pupils, with an agreed syllabus, agreed methods of teaching, and agreed professional standards. Universities and parliaments came into existence at roughly the same time, and have proved themselves the most long-lived of all medieval inventions.

Anthony Kenny, Medieval Philosophy, Vol. 2, 55.

Theodore Roosevelt quotes

"If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn’t sit for a month."

"If I must choose between righteousness and peace, I choose righteousness."

"If an American is to amount to anything he must rely upon himself, and not upon the State; he must take pride in his own work, instead of sitting idle to envy the luck of others. He must face life with resolute courage, win victory if he can, and accept defeat if he must, without seeking to place on his fellow man a responsibility which is not theirs."

"I care not what others think of what I do, but I care very much about what I think of what I do. That is character!"

"Don’t hit at all if it is honorably possible to avoid hitting; but never hit soft!"

"Courtesy is as much a mark of a gentleman as courage."

Theodore Roosevelt

Difficult Life

Nothing in the world is worth having or worth doing unless it means effort, pain, difficulty… I have never in my life envied a human being who led an easy life. I have envied a great many people who led difficult lives and led them well.

Theodore Roosevelt

The Soul

The Soul once seen to be thus precious, thus divine; you may hold the faith that by its possession you are already nearing God; in the strength of his power make upwards towards him.

Plotinus, Enneads, V.I

Divine Names

How then can we speak of the divine names? How can we do this if the Transcendent surpasses all discourse and all knowledge, if it abides beyond all reach of mind and of being, if it encompasses and circumscribes, embraces and anticipates all things while itself eluding their grasp and escaping form any perception, imagination, opinion, name, discourse, apprehension, or understanding? How can we enter upon this undertaking if the Godhead is superior to being and is unspeakable and unnameable?

Dionysius, The Divine Names, 1.5